The languages
Pick a language and start typing. Each page tells you what the language is for, where it came from, and where to begin.
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Arduino
IDE 2.3 (Uno)A C++ dialect and core library for programming microcontroller boards.
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Assembly
NASM 3 (x86-64)Human-readable mnemonics for the processor's own instructions: registers, flags, and system calls.
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Bash
5.3The default shell on most Unix-like systems, and the standard language of command-line scripting.
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C
C23A systems language from 1972; still the foundation of operating systems and the common interface between languages.
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Clojure
1.12A Lisp dialect built on immutable data structures, running on the Java virtual machine.
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COBOL
COBOL 2023A business data-processing language from 1959, still in production in banking, insurance, and government.
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C++
C++26A systems language that adds classes, templates, and other abstractions to C-level control of the machine.
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C#
C# 14 (.NET 10)Microsoft's general-purpose language for the .NET platform, in active development since 2000.
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CSS
Snapshot 2025The declarative stylesheet language that controls layout, color, and typography on the web.
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Dart
3.12The language of the Flutter framework: one codebase compiled to mobile, web, and desktop.
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Delphi
Delphi 13Object Pascal with a visual component library, still used in commercial desktop and database software.
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Elixir
1.20A functional language on the Erlang virtual machine, used for concurrent, fault-tolerant systems.
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Erlang
OTP 28Designed at Ericsson for telephone exchanges: lightweight processes, supervision, and fault tolerance.
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Fortran
Fortran 2023The first widely used compiled language (1957), still standard in numerical and high-performance computing.
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F#
F# 10A functional-first language in the ML family, running on the .NET platform.
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Go
1.26A deliberately small language from Google, with garbage collection, fast builds, and built-in concurrency.
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Haskell
GHC 9.14A purely functional language with lazy evaluation and a strong static type system.
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HTML
Living StandardThe markup language that defines the structure of web pages, specified to tolerate malformed input.
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Igor Pro
Igor Pro 10The procedure language of Igor Pro, a commercial data-analysis and graphing environment used in laboratory science.
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Java
Java 26A class-based, garbage-collected language from 1995, widely deployed on servers and Android.
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JavaScript
ES2026The language built into every web browser, and used on servers through Node.js.
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Julia
1.12A dynamic language for numerical and scientific computing, compiled to near-native speed.
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Kotlin
2.3A statically typed JVM language from JetBrains; Google's preferred language for Android development.
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Lisp
ANSI CL (SBCL)A language family dating to 1958, whose programs are written as the list structures they manipulate.
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Lua
5.5A small scripting language designed for embedding, widely used in games and other host applications.
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Mojo
1.0 betaA compiled language with Python's syntax and static types, aimed at machine-learning and systems workloads.
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Objective-C
2.0C extended with Smalltalk-style message passing; the original language of macOS and iOS development.
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OCaml
5.5A functional language in the ML family, with type inference, pattern matching, and a strong module system.
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Odin
dev-2026-02A C alternative emphasizing data-oriented design, explicit control flow, and simplicity.
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Perl
5.42A text-processing and scripting language from 1987; its regular-expression syntax spread to most later languages.
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PHP
8.5A server-side language that runs a large share of the web, including WordPress and Wikipedia.
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Python
3.14A general-purpose language that emphasizes readability; widely used in data analysis, machine learning, and automation.
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R
4.6A language and environment for statistical computing and graphics.
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Ruby
4.0A dynamic, object-oriented language from Japan, best known for the Ruby on Rails web framework.
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Rust
1.97A systems language that enforces memory safety at compile time, without a garbage collector.
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Scala
3.8A language that combines object-oriented and functional programming on the Java virtual machine.
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Smalltalk
Pharo 13An early object-oriented language in which everything is an object and all computation is message passing.
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Solidity
0.8The primary language for smart contracts on Ethereum and compatible blockchains.
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SQL
SQLite 3.51The declarative query language of relational databases: a query states the result, the engine plans the execution.
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Swift
6.3Apple's language for its platforms, introduced in 2014 as the successor to Objective-C.
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TypeScript
7.0A statically typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript.
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Visual Basic
16.9 (.NET)Microsoft's event-driven language for Windows applications, now running on .NET.
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WebAssembly
3.0A portable binary instruction format executed by all major browsers, shown here in its standard text form.
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Zig
0.16A C alternative with explicit control flow, no hidden allocations, and built-in C interoperability.